Archaeozoological studies of the Konushennaya Sloboda of Yekaterinburg in the 18^th-19^th centuries

   The article discusses the results of a study of archaeozoological materials from a section of the city of Yekaterinburg related to its central part and the earliest period of city development. The materials of the work characterize the period from the second half of the 18^th to the end of the 19^th century. To study of the bones of livestock which form the basis of the collection the traditional archaeozoological methods were applied to determine the age and biological characteristics of livestock. In addition, new approaches were used in the form of the use of X-rays for mass bone series and pathological analysis based on the study of age and pathological changes in modern livestock. The results of the study demonstrate that the meat diet of the inhabitants of the stable settlement of Yekaterinburg was based mainly on the consumption of beef. Meat from cows and bulls of several age and size groups fell on the table of the inhabitants. The meat of other types of livestock played a much smaller role in the nutrition system of the inhabitants of the settlement. The bones of livestock were actively used by the townspeople to make dice, toys and musical instruments. Dice from the first phalanxes of cattle are the most massive category of bone products. The results of pathological analysis revealed a large number of age-related changes and a number of pathologies. The most numerous categories of pathological changes are osteochondrotic defects of the articular surface on the bones of all species of livestock. Some changes on the bones of the bulls allow for the reconstruction of the working use of cattle. During the processing of the osteological material a relatively large number of modificational changes in the bones were revealed which were not previously recorded in the study of materials from the New Age of Russian cities.

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