The role of fight against illiteracy in solving the problem of organizing national units of the Red Army in Soviet Turkestan (1919-1922)

   The history of the Basmach movement, whose members fought against the Soviet regime in Turkestan until the early 1930^s, still retains a great amount of little-studied plots and unexplored facts despite the great Soviet and post-Soviet historiography. The rough breaking of the established customs and traditions of the indigenous population undertaken by the Bolsheviks after the seizure of power, their ignoring the peculiarities of the spiritual life of these peoples, and miscalculations in the implementation of economic policy caused mass protests of Muslims, which grew into armed resistance and led to the formation of the first Basmach detachments. The Soviet authorities failed in their attempts by to suppress this movement with the help of military force. The history of the Basmach movement, whose members fought against the Soviet regime in Turkestan until the early 1930^s, still retains a great amount of little-studied plots and unexplored facts despite the great Soviet and post-Soviet historiography. The rough breaking of the established customs and traditions of the indigenous population undertaken by the Bolsheviks after the seizure of power, their ignoring the peculiarities of the spiritual life of these peoples, and miscalculations in the implementation of economic policy caused mass protests of Muslims, which grew into armed resistance and led to the formation of the first Basmach detachments. The Soviet authorities failed in their attempts by to suppress this movement with the help of military force.

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