Archaeological sources of the Lower Amur: the experience of interpretation of the face image on stone No. 25 of Sikachi-Alyan petroglyphs

The rock art of the Lower Amur Region has been studied since the middle of the 19th century. At the first stage, reports were published about drawings on stones and rocks in different parts of the Amur basin: R. K. Maak, P. I. Vetlitzyn, V. L. Alftan, V. K. Arseniev, B. Laufer, J. Fowke. Later, the first interpretations took shape. N. Kharlamov saw in the drawings traces the Galba's enigmatic civilization; A. Zolotarev connected individual images with rites of sun worship. In the second half of the twentieth century archeological research was carried out by employees of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences: topographic fixation of all known petroglyph sites, description and topography of each drawing on a stone or rock, interpretation of drawings as sources of various historical stages of cultural genesis, publication of the entire database on the rock art of the region A. P. Okladnikov «Faces of Ancient Amur» (1968), «Petroglyphs of the Lower Amur» (1971). The scientific interests of the author are connected with the sites of primitive art, in particular, the rock paintings of the lower reaches of the Amur River. The subject of the study in the article is the face 2 on stone No. 25 among the petroglyphs of Sikachi-Alyan. The goal is to interpret the image as a model of the cosmos, created in the Stone Age by sedentary fishermen of the Amur. The main methods of research are the typological method and the author's approach to the iconographic analysis of the image. The result is the concept of interpreting the mask as a model of the cosmos, in the center of which stands a dragon serpent, which gave birth to heaven and earth in the form of heterosexual snakes. Theoretical and practical studies of V. N. Toporov, V. V. Ivanov, B. A. Frolov, V. V. Evsyukov and others on the topic of cosmology, mythology and the artistic presentation of the image of the world tree are used. The article provides information from the experience of the author's archaeological and ethnographic research. The data of ethnographic studies of the worldview of the Ainu of Amur and Sakhalin collected by L. Ya. Sternberg and A. B. Spevakovsky are used.

masks, iconography, interpretation, symbolism of signs, cosmos model, two-part universe, mythology, world tree, characters of myths, serpent-dragon

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