Preview

Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies

Advanced search

The legendary Ergune-Kun: the historical stage of the volcano activation in the Jombolok lava field as the reason for the exodus of proto-Mongolian tribes from the Eastern Sayan Ridge

https://doi.org/10.21285/2415-8739-2022-1-34-49

Abstract

This work presents new data on probably the most recent (historical) volcanic eruption in Central Asia. The Jombolok lava field is located in the mountains of Southern Siberia (the Eastern Sayan Ridge), within the valleys of the Khi-Gol, Jombolok and Oka rivers. The lava flow (74 km long and up to 150 m thick) is one of the longest in Eastern Siberia. Beryllium dating (10Be) showed that the activation of volcanism occurred after the melting of the Jombolok glacier at the end of MIS2. Geomorphological studies and radiocarbon dating (14C) have shown that the lava field formed over ~14-13 thousand years. Volcanism here had at least four phases of activation. The first two stages were close in time and date back to the period of 14-13 thousand years. The time of the third stage of eruptions is determined by the morphology of lava flows and dates back to the middle of the Holocene. The evidences associated with the last phase have been found in the upper reaches of the Khi-Gol valley and in the Oka-Jombolok basin. They are represented by young basaltic lava flows located among the previously generated lavas. Live and dead trees have been sampled in the young lava field. Nine fragments of wood have been found embedded in lavas of the latest eruption. Dendrochronological analysis, radiocarbon dating and the analysis of historical chronicles have shown that the latest eruption occurred during the period 682-792 A.D. The volcanic activity possibly triggered the migration of Mongolian tribes out of the locality known in historical chronicles as Ergune-Kun in 778-786 A.D.

About the Authors

Sergey G. Arzhannikov
Institute of the Earth's Crust, SB RAS
Russian Federation


Anastasia V. Arzhannikova
Institute of the Earth's Crust, SB RAS
Russian Federation


Alexey V. Ivanov
Institute of the Earth's Crust, SB RAS
Russian Federation


Elena I. Demonterova
Institute of the Earth's Crust, SB RAS
Russian Federation


References

1. Абаев Н. В. О прародине всех тюрков и монголов: «Эргенекон», «Эргунэ-Хун» или Танну-Урянхай? // Новые исследования Тувы. 2011. № 1. С. 169-185. URL: https://www.tuva.asia/journal/issue_9/3042-abaev.html (дата обращения 15.12.2021).

2. Абулгази-Баядур-Хан. Родословная история о татарах. М. : Императорская Академия наук, 1768. Т. 1. 483 с.

3. Аржанников С. Г., Иванов А. В., Аржанникова А. В., Демонтерова Е. И. Долина вулканов в Восточном Саяне // Наука из первых рук. 2013. № 5-6 (53-54). С. 66-83.

4. Балданжапов П. Altan tobči. Монгольская летопись XVIII в. Улан-Удэ, 1970. 416 с.

5. Банзаров Д. Собрание сочинений. М.: АН СССР, 1955. 373 с.

6. Билэгт Л. К вопросу о достоверности родословной Чингис-Хана // Археологийн судлал. 1995. Т. XV. С. 97-110.

7. Билэгт Л. Ранние монгольские племена. Улаанбаатар, 2007. 222 с.

8. Зориктуев Б. Р. Прибайкалье в середине VI-XVII вв. Улан-Удэ : БНЦ СО РАН, 1997. 103 с.

9. Коновалов П. Б. Этнические аспекты истории Центральной Азии. Улан-Удэ, 1999. 214 с.

10. Обручев С. В., Лурье М. Л. Вулканы Кропоткина и Перетолчина в Восточном Саяне // Труды лаборатории вулканологии. 1954. Вып. 8. С. 210-225.

11. Пэрлээ Х. Монголын туухийн урьд мэдэгдээгуй зарим он цагийн мэдээ. Некоторые неизвестные даты истории Монголии. Улаанбаатар, 1956. 137 с.

12. Рашид ад-Дин. Сборник летописей. Москва-Ленинград, 1952. Т. 1. Кн. 1. 214 с.

13. Чагдуров С. Ш. Горная Бурятия - прародина всех монголов // Филологический сборник. Улан-Удэ, 1999. С. 190-193.

14. Чагдуров С. Ш. Эргунэ-Кун - прародина монголоязычных родов и племен // VII Международный конгресс монголоведов (Улан-Батор, август 1997 г.): Доклад российской делегации. М., 1997. С. 168-172.

15. Ярмолюк В. В., Никифоров А. В., Иванов В. Г. Строение, состав, источники и механизм долинных излияний лавовых потоков Жом-Болок (голоцен, Южно-Байкальская вулканическая область) // Вулканология и сейсмология. 2003. № 5. С. 41-59.

16. Arzhannikov, S. G., Braucher, R., Jolivet, M., Arzhannikova, A.V., Vassallo, R., Chauvet, A., Bourles, D., Chauvet, F., 2012. History of late Pleistocene glaciations in the central Sayan-Tuva Upland (southern Siberia). Quatern. Sci. Rev. 49, 16-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.06.005.

17. Arzhannikov S. G., Ivanov A. V., Arzhannikova A. V., Demonterova E. I., Jolivet M., Buyantuev V. A., Oskolkov V. A., Voronin V. I. The most recent (682-792 CE.) volcanic eruption in the Jombolok lava field, East Sayan, Central Asia triggered exodus of Mongolian pre-Chinggis Khaan tribes (778-786 CE) // Journal of Asian Earth Science, 2016, v.125, p. 87-99.

18. Arzhannikov S. G., Ivanov A. V., Arzhannikova A. V., Demonterova E. I., Jolivet M., Voronin V. I., Buyantuev V. A., Oskolkov V. A. Age of the Jombolok lava field (East Sayan): evidence from dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2017, (58). P. 20-36.

19. Cleaves, F. W. The Secret History of the Mongols. Harvard University Press. Cambridge and London, 1982. 277 p.

20. Ivanov A. V., Arzhannikov S. G., Demonterova E. I., Arzhannikova A. V., Orlova L. A. Jom-Bolok Holocene volcanic field in the East Sayan Mts., Siberia, Russia: structure, style of eruptions, magma compositions, and radiocarbon dating // Bulletin of Volcanology. 2011. V. 73. P. 1279-1294, doi: 10.1007/s00445-011-0485-9.


Review

Views: 36


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2415-8739 (Print)
ISSN 2500-1566 (Online)