Logic in the universities of Russia and the USSR. Part 2

The article examines the socio-political conditions of teaching philosophy and logic in Soviet universities in the 1920s and 40s, highlights the role of ideologization and politicization in teaching social and humanitarian knowledge. The id eology of Marxist-Leninist philosophy is a direct consequence of the understanding of philosophy by the founders of Marxism. There are external and internal levels of politicization of philosophy. The first is the officially propagandized importance of the est ablishment of a new proletarian philosophy, the second, hidden, level of politicization of philosophy was that philosophy in its various manifestations was involved in the struggle for power. The influence of V.I. Lenin's attitudes towards non-Marxist philosophy and science and the exaltation of the role of Hegel's dialectic as the basis of a new, “anti-bourgeois” philosophy are shown. It is noted that the teaching of traditional logic as a university discipline in Russia and the USSR at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries underwent serious changes due not only to socio-political processes, but also as a result of a rethinking of the understanding of the nature of logical laws and logical thinking, which was associated with the clarification of the foundations of mathematics and the development of mathematical logic. The main problematic issue determining the attitude to traditional logic in the context of the fo rmation of a new ideological and political system is the question of the relationship between dialectical logic and formal logic. If in the 1920s the attitude towards formal logic was sharply negative, then the situation is gradually changing, against the backg round of the lack of sufficiently educated scientific, military and technical personnel, the importance of traditional logic as a “thinking tool” is realized. The result is the formation of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) on the introduction of logic in second ary schools, a brief analysis of the reasons for the low effectiveness of this resolution is given.

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