Necrological sources as an evidence of the history of the stay of prisoners of war of the First World War of the Jewish faith in the city of Irkutsk

Necrological sources, such as epitaphs on gravestones and death records in registers, are valuable material for historical research in demography, sociology, ethnography and cultural studies. Epitaphs and registers contain information about the social origin and status of the deceased, the date of death, age, parents' names, place of birth and other important data, which allows us to reconstruct the overall picture of the era through the prism of individual destinies. Epitaphs and birth records are essential sources for studying the lives of prisoners of war in the First World War, as they shed light on the conditions of their detention, their interactions with the surrounding society, and the factors influencing their adaptation to new conditions. Resear ch into the lives of prisoners of war through necrological sources contributes to the development of interdisciplinary approaches, combining history, anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies. This creates a deeper understanding of the impact of war and capt ivity on individual and collective destinies. Information on burial sites and burial methods provides insight into the extent to which local authorities and communities respected the traditions and customs of prisoners of war of different nationalities and faiths. D ata on dates of death and causes of death help to assess the level of medical care, sanitary conditions and the general attitude towards prisoners. This study is devoted to the study of epitaphs and metric records of death of prisoners of war of the First World War of Jewish origin in the city of Irkutsk, to reconstruct the conditions of their detention in captivity. The obtained results can become the basis for further studies of the stay of prisoners of war of Jewish origin in the territory of Eastern Siberia and their inte raction with local Jewish communities.

1. Anufriev A.V. (2009) Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in Irkutsk (review of the funds of the State Archive of the Irkutsk region). Siberian exile: collection of scientific articles. Irkutsk: Ottisk. Iss. 5 (17). P. 19-29. (In Russ.). EDN: UPBACY.

2. Anufriev A.V. (2014) Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in Eastern Siberia (review of the funds of the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region and the State Archive of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Local history notes. Irkutsk: V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Iss. 21. P. 51-77. (In Russ.).

3. Anufriev A.V. (2023) Prisoner of war camps in Eastern Siberia during the first stage of the Civil War (1917–1918). Grazhdanskaya voina na vostoke Rossii: vzglyad skvoz' dokumental'noe nasledie: materialy V Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 130-i godovshchine so dnya rozhdeniya Marshala Sovetskogo Soyuza M.N. Tukhachevskogo i 100-letiyu sobytii antibol'shevistskogo Yakutskogo myatezha = The Civil War in Eastern Russia: a Look Through the Documentary Legacy : Proceedings of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the 130th Anniversary of the Birth of Marshal of the Soviet Union M.N. Tukhachevsky and the 100th Anniversary of the Events of the Anti-Bolshevik Yakut Rebellion. 18–19 Oktober 2023, Omsk. Omsk: Omsk State Technical University. P. 12-18. (In Russ.). EDN: RCTWHS.

4. Anufriev A.V., Kozlov D.V. (2019a) “I wish these nice guys...” (the question of the stay of Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in Irkutsk). Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies. Vol. 15. No. 4. P. 153-167. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21285/2415-8739-2019-4-153-167. EDN: WGTMOE.

5. Anufriev A.V., Kozlov D.V. (2019b) Metric books as a source on the history of the stay of prisoners of war in Siberia (1914–1920). Grazhdanskaya voina na vostoke Rossii: vzglyad skvoz' dokumental'noe nasledie: materialy III Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 100-letiyu vosstanovleniya sovetskoi vlasti v Sibiri = The Civil War in Eastern Russia: a Look Through the Documentary Legacy: Proceedings of the III All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the Restoration of Soviet Power in Siberia. 13–14 November 2019, Omsk. Omsk: Omsk State Technical University. P. 10-13. (In Russ.). EDN: QRSKLP.

6. Berman E.A. (2022) Metric books of the synagogue of the city of Irkutsk about the dead as a historical source. The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series: History. Vol. 41. P. 93-102. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26516/2222-9124.2022.41.93. EDN: JSCMBI.

7. Berman E.A., Pavlova E.G. (2020) Amur Jewish necropolis as an ethnocultural component of the Irkutsk Jewish community life in the first half of the XX century. Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies. Vol. 16. No. 4. P. 114-128. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21285/2415-8739-2020-4-114-128. EDN: XQTTVJ.

8. Bukin S.S., Dolgolyuk A.A. (2000) The formation of camps of prisoners of war and internees in Siberia. Humanitarian Sciences in Siberia. No. 2. P. 49-53. (In Russ.). EDN: TWYHNT.

9. Gergileva A.I. (2006) The Siberian public and the attitude towards prisoners of war of the First World War. Bulletin of KSAU. No. 5. P. 421-426. (In Russ.). EDN: HUMUAP.

10. Golovin N.N. (2001) Russia's military efforts in World War II. Zhukovsky; Moscow: Kuchkovo pole. 434 p. (In Russ.).

11. Gordeev O.F. (2002). Prisoners of the First World War in Siberia (August 1914 – February 1917). Historical and legal aspects of the problem. Actual Problems of Theory and History of the State and Law: Collection of Scientific Articles. Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk State University. P. 30-62. (In Russ.).

12. Zaslavskaya O.V. (2018) Between war and revolution: the transnational context of the collective biography of Eastern Europe's “lost generation”. Steps. Vol. 4. No. 2. P. 166-203. (In Russ.). EDN: YMCAIH.

13. Korneyev V.V. (2015) Concentration camps in Russia during the World War I. Military Historical Journal. No. 9. P. 40-43. (In Russ.). EDN: UIKNOT.

14. Motrevich V.P. (2018) Burials of prisoners of war from the Austro-Hungarian Army in the Urals: search results. Questions of the History of Hungary and Russian-Hungarian Relations: Collection of Articles. Ekaterinburg: Ural State Law University named after V.F. Yakovlev. P. 160-173. (In Russ.). EDN: XQJBGX.

15. Sinichenko V.V. (2023) Legal norms Russian empire and remuneration of prisoners of war during the First World War (on the example of Eastern Siberia). The Art of Law. No. 3. P. 11-17. (In Russ.). EDN: OWHVPY.

16. Talapin A.N. (2013) Prisoners of the first world war in Siberia in the period of the Civil War and the repatriation. Herald of Omsk University. No. 3. P. 81-83. (In Russ.). EDN: RRVJLJ.

17. Fedorova T.V. (2014) The problem of Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war social conditions of confinement on the territory of Eastern Siberia during World War I. Izvestiya of Altai State University. No. 4-2. P. 232-236. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.14258/izvasu(2014)4.2-33. EDN: TIIHFR.

18. Khavkin B.L. (2022) Jewish soldiers of Russia and Germany (19th – early 20th centuries). Humanitarian Studies of Central Russia. No. 2. P. 44-55. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24412/2541-9056-2022-223-44-55. EDN: ERZYXY.

19. Shapkin Yu.G., Dmitrichenko A.A., Ponomarieva G.O. (2014) Life of prisoners of war in detention camps of Eastern Siberia during Wourld War I. Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies. No. 2. P. 50-53. (In Russ.). EDN: VRAVGT.

20. Beizer M. Restoring courage to Jewish hearts: Frank Rosenblatt's mission in Siberia in 1919 // East European Jewish Affairs. 2009. Vol. 39. No. 1. P. 35-56. DOI: 10.1080/13501670902750279.