Economic policy of the Soviet government in the Angara Basin villages in 1934-1939

The article, based on a set of historical sources, examines the development of the system of state regulation of the agrarian sphere in 1934-1939 in the territory of the modern Irkutsk region (Priangarie). The author draws attention to collectivization as an instrument of comprehensive transformation of the life of the peasantry and the economic, production everyday life of the domestic village in the 1930s. Interrelated elements of the state agrarian policy are studied. Firstly, it is the tax system in the village, which is a method of stimulating collectivization. The statistical material presented in the article allows us to assess the diversity of compulsory payments imposed on peasants in the second half of the 1930s. Secondly, grain procurement campaigns were a fundamental basis for the relationship between the communist government and the rural population. Grain procurements were a kind of "stumbling block", an indicator of communication between the state and the peasants. Thirdly, grain purchases introduced during the Neo-NEP period and motivating collective farmers and individual farmers to sell food to the state by providing additional commodity funds are considered. The role of the 1936 Constitution, which enshrined the reduced economic rights of the rural population, is analyzed. Examples of proposals made by collective farmers during the discussion of the Basic Law (Constitution) are given. The state efforts “to strengthen the collective farm system” are shown through the fight against violations of the Charter of the Agricultural Artel in collective farms in 1939. The types of such violations are listed: rent, purchase of collective farm lands by individuals for personal subsidiary farming, use of socialized cattle for personal purposes, collective farm trade during agricultural work, etc. These facts testify, in particular, to the dominance of personal subsidiary farming over collective farming in ensuring the material well-being of the collective farmer.

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