The history of the formation of the worldview orientation of philosophy
https://doi.org/10.21285/2415-8739-2024-3-90-98
EDN: MSYQFF
Abstract
The philosophical status of philosophy is considered, associated with the identification of the subject orientation of philosophy, the main structural elements of the worldview and those aspects which are accepted in philosophy as fundamental (basic) problems. The formation of a worldview depends on solving two basic problems: “what is the world?” and “how is the world given to man”? The article shows the difficulties of defining the “world” due to the fundamental nature and inclusiveness of this concept. Special attention is paid to the problem of the unity of the world. The orientation of philosophy towards the world appears as a man's search for universality in the world. The achievement of universality is the key moment in the formation of a holistic identity by the subject of the worldview. The formation of the worldview orientation of philosophy includes the complication of the vision of the world as a result of the constant change and development of the value-theoretical "prism" through which a person looks at the world, and the placement of himself in the newly discovered levels and horizons of the world. The considered question - is philosophy only a worldview or is there a reason to talk about philosophy as an ideology? To look at the world philosophically means to seek to see the hidden causes of the visually given. Ideology is also understood as a kind of “looking”, but associated with the “concealment, obscuration” of ideas and things, which prevents the fulfillment of such an important function of ideology as justification (absolutization) of a chosen idea. On the example statement by F. Engels of main question of philosophy shows how one philosophical fundamental problem - the problem of the relationship between thinking and being - has essentially lost its problemativeness and has moved to the level of a clearly formulated and clearly solved issue. It is concluded that the formation of the philosophical orientation of philo-sophia is a complex process, including: 1) who is looking, 2) what is looking at, 3) how (what) is looking at, and 4) where is looking. “Where” - that is, in what social, cultural and ideological space, in the composition (or, conversely, in the op position) of which collective entity.
About the Author
A. I. ShaforostovRussian Federation
Alexander I. Shaforostov, PhD, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of History and Philosophy, Irkutsk National Research Technical University; Professor of the Department of Social Philosophy and Sociology, Irkutsk State University,
83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664074,
1, Karl Marx St., Irkutsk 664003
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