Reconstruction of technology of fishing during of the Middle Holocene in the Peter the Great Bay

Sea adaptations of the population in East Asia are traced from the Pleistocene, about 40,000 years ago. It is unlikely that the widespread use of marine resources could occur without any technical and technological means. The main incentives for the development of technologies were most likely fishing and the need for communications of evidence of oceanic fishing in the Japanese islands about 9000 years ago. The extraction of some species of fish, such as cod, indicates the presence of gear allowing fish at depths of more than 20 meters. Approximately the same time, finds of dugout canoes date back. The technical and technological needs of the fisheries of the ancient population of the Peter the Great bay were determined by the landscape structure of the sea coast and its dynamics. The nature of the coastline of the sea coast was constantly changing as a result of sea transgression and regression of the Holocene. At the maximum of the Atlantic transgression around the world and on the coast of the Peter the Great Bay, the maximum number of lagoons is formed. As a result, fishing in the region becomes mainly specialized - lagoon (18 species of fish, pinnipedes, dolphins, whales). After 5000 BP as a result of regression, the lagoons disappear and the population is forced to switch to open sea fishing. The main trend of subsequent natural changes is the alignment of the coastline and the simplification of the landscape structure of the sea coast. After this line, the number of fish weaved and the complication of technical and technological capabilities occurs relatively gradually. About 3 ka BP. the appearance of large sinkers for the shifting networks took place as a reaction to an increase in the population on the coast and the need to intensify fishing. Already 2.4 ka BP the population of the Yankovsky culture of the Iron Age caught 49 species of fish and demonstrated a maximum of the diversity of the tools complex of operation of marine resources.

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