Logic at universities in Russian Imperia

   The article examines the history of teaching logic as an independent academic discipline in Russia, as well as the correlation of logic as an element of philosophical knowledge with the process of formation of philosophical thought in Russian culture, starting from the XVII century. Russian language Special attention is paid to the language in which logic was taught, the connection of teaching logic with the publication of textbooks in Russian and lectures in Russian is emphasized, the role of D. S. Anichkov, the first Russian professor at Moscow State University, in the publication of textbooks in Russian is noted. The role of F. Baumeister's books in the organization of teaching logic and philosophy in Russia in the second half of the XVIII century is shown. The connection of teaching logic with historical socio-cultural conditions is shown. Political events in Europe and within Russia, changes in the social composition of students, the reaction of the tsarist government to Western revolutionary movements and teachings - all this was reflected in the life of educational institutions. The teaching of logic and philosophy in the second half of the 19^th century was divided. The question of the reasons for the return of teaching philosophy after the famous imperial decree of 1850 is considered. If the abolition of philosophy was caused by fears of the “loosening” of minds by free thinking and skepticism, the return is again associated with the “loosening” of minds, although in a different sense: as the loss of higher orientations and meanings that hold together the student's worldview. The question of the connection between teaching logic at the university and the development of logic itself as a science, with the emerging confrontation between classical formal logic and mathematical logic and the influence on understanding the essence of logic of psychologism is also touched upon.

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