Formation of a new identity Russian-speaking immigrants to the USA
https://doi.org/10.21285/2415-8739-2024-2-66-76
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Abstract
The article examines the factors influencing the transformation of the ethnocultural identity of post-Soviet immigrants to the United States. The article examines various methodological approaches to studying the transformation of sociocultural and ethnocultural identity of post-Soviet immigrants in the modern United States. Several well-known methodological schools (both foreign and domestic) are listed, which have developed the most famous theories in the scientific world, allowing one to get an idea of the “marginal person” (Robert Park, Chicago School), the problems of immigrants who find themselves in an “intermediate state” and experiencing a complex “restlessness” (A. von Gennep), the possibilities of studying the everyday life of immigrants using a microhistorical approach (Levi), “domestic anthropology” (Anderson), etc. In relation to the Russian-speaking community in the United States, D. Berry’s theory of acculturation, based on several models, is considered adaptation to a foreign cultural environment (assimilation, separation, integration). A direction devoted to the study of nonlinear acculturation of youth in the United States is outlined, allowing for comparisons between boys and girls in the process of their adaptation. Particular attention is paid to feminist theories of migrant adaptation and the possibility of using them to study Russian-speaking diasporas in the United States. Several theoretical directions are presented to explain the peculiarities of adaptation to American life among representatives of several ethnic groups, including Russian-speaking groups. The emphasis is placed on the processes that deform the original models of male and female behavior in immigration, the emergence of differentiated forms of gender identity among them as a strategy for adaptation to the American way of life, the transformation of the patriarchal system of sex-role behavior (especially in Muslim communities), etc. Feminist methodology for studying migration also includes a philosophical level of generalization of factual material, which allows, for example, to draw a parallel between immigration restrictions (quotas) and the dominant influence of masculine values in the world as the right assigned by men to limit women's freedom. In relation to Russian-speaking immigrant women, feminist methodology allows us to study the degree of resistance of traditional sex-role values of post-Soviet immigrants in relation to American culture.
About the Author
N. V. ShalyginaRussian Federation
Nataliya V. Shalygina, Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Researcher
Center for Gender Studies (CGU)
119334; 32aб Leninsky Prospekt; Moscow
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