Сultural and chronological assemblages of the ensemble of sites Piskunovskie Kamni in the southern taiga of the Middle Yenisey

   The article is dedicated to the studies of materials from the ensemble of the archaeological sites “Piskunovskie Kamni” located in the southern taiga subzone of the Middle Yenisey. Within the boundaries of the site, the Yenisei River bank is protected from erosion by eight rocky promontories (called Bulls), named Piskunovsky Kamni, which ensured the preservation of cultural layers along the edge and within the terrace. Archaeological exploration work in 2017 and 2018 revealed culturally and chronologically diverse assemblages associated with different areas of the site. Materials from the Middle Ages are represented by ceramic vessels of the Lesosibirskaya culture, Ust’-Kova-type pottery, and fragments of a vessel with a straight neck and horizontal rows of comb-like stamp. Stone sinkers, located in the southern part of the ensemble, date to this period and mark a fishing camp here. Bronze Age finds include scattered areas with ceramics of the Bobrovka-type, as well as a ceramic vessel with erased textile prints, a belt of pits under the rim, and three horizontal lines. Neolithic finds are distributed throughout the entire area of the ensemble. Stone artifacts found here include a stone fishhook of the Kitoy-type and ice axes with ledges-“ears”, as well as stone scrapers, a transverse scraper with dorsal retouch, a fragment of a knife, sandstone abrasives, and pebble tools. Ceramics from the Neolithic layers were not found. The Mesolithic cultural layer was associated with carbonated layers in the strata of the first and second Yenisei terraces. The well-protected uneroded banks of the Yenisei terraces within the ensemble boundaries make it possible to study the location of settlements in different periods of ancient history.

1. Berdnikov I.M. (2013) Key aspects of historical and cultural procedures in southern part of middle Siberia during the neolithic (based on pottery complexes). Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology series. No. 1. P. 203-229. (In Russ.). EDN: QBKEHV.

2. Grenaderova A.V., Mandryka P.V., Wang Xiaokun, Senotrusova P.O., Mikhailova A.B., Quan Qiankun. (2021) Comprehensive Archaeological and Palaeoecological Studies of the Holocene Chronosequence in the Southern Taiga of the Middle Yenisei. Stratum Plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology. No. 6. P. 299-313. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.55086/sp216299313. EDN: HODJXV.

3. Grishin A.E., Marchenko Zh.V., Garkusha Yu.N. Gurulev D.A., Shnaider S.V., Kulik N.A. Vasil'ev S.K., Kerbs E.A. (2016) Pashina site in North Cis-Angaria (2008-2009 studies). Novosibirsk: Publishing house of the Siberian branch of the Institute of Archaeology of the RAS. 168 p. (In Russ.). EDN: YOHWDJ.

4. Drozdov N.I. (1978) New finds of stone fish in the Krasnoyarsk region. Archaeology and Ethnography of Eastern Siberia. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State University. P. 36-37. (In Russ.).

5. Leont'ev V.P., Makulov V.I. (1989) Archaeological sites of the middle Yenisei reaches. Historical and cultural sites of Krasnoyarsk region. Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk Publishing House. P. 261-272. (In Russ.).

6. Leont'ev S.N., German P.V. (2019) Bronze Age pottery from Sergushkin island sites (Northern Angara region). Antiquities of Yenisei Siberia. Krasnoyarsk: Siberian Federal University. Iss. X. P. 108–122. (In Russ.). EDN: BCQYSB.

7. Mandryka P.V. (2005) The date of the multilayer settlement Shilka-9 on Middle Yenisei and their means for the ancient history of southern taiga of Middle Siberia. Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Technical University. Iss. 3. P. 172-185. (In Russ.). EDN: WAKAQB.

8. Mandryka P.V., Akimova E.V., Yamskikh A.A., Tomilova E.A., Stasyuk I.V., Orlova L.A. (2005) Geoarchaeological researches of the Early Holocene horizons of site Ust”-Shilka-2 on Middle Yenisey. Reports of theLlaboratory of ancient technologies. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Technical University. Iss. 3. P. 109–124. (In Russ.). EDN: WAKAON.

9. Mandryka P.V., Yamskikh A.A., Orlova L.A., Yamskikh G.Yu., Gol’eva A.A. (2003) Archaeology and Palaeoecology of the Bobrovka Multilayered Site in the Middle Yenisei Valley. Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk State University. 221 p. (In Russ.). EDN: QPBZBB.

10. Nikolaev R.V. (1963) Materials for the archaeological map of the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Materials and research on archaeology, ethnography and history of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Archaeology. Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk Publishing House. P. 127-131. (In Russ.).

11. Novikov A.G., Goryunova O.I. (2005) Ancient fishing on the lake Baikal (upon the materials of the multilayered settlements of mesolithic-bronthe age). Reports of the Laboratory of ancient technologies. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Technical University. Iss. 3. P. 125-134. (In Russ.). EDN: WAKAOX.

12. Nomokonova T.Yu., Goryunova O.I. (2004) Neolithic complexes of multilayer settlement Katun''-i (Chivyrkuiscky bay, lake Baikal). Reports of the Laboratory of ancient technologies. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Technical University. Iss. 2. P. 117–123. (In Russ.). EDN: VYXGAF.

13. Privalikhin V.I. (2011) A cache of stone artifacts from the Neolithic period of the Sergushkin-1 site and burial ground, point "A" (Based on the research materials of the archaeological and ethnographic expedition of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore in the flooding zone of the Boguchanskaya HPS on the Lower Angara. The second century of devotion : Collection of scientific articles. Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. P. 150-160. (In Russ.).

14. Senotrusova P.O. Mandryka P.V. (2020) Pottery of Lesosibirsk culture: typology and genesis issues. The Volga River Region Archaeology. No. 2 (32). P. 93-106. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24852/pa2020.2.32.93.106. EDN: QQHYRH.

15. Kamanin L.G., Likhanov B.N. (1964) Central Siberia. Moscow: Nauka. 480 p. (In Russ.).

16. Fokin S.M. (2008) On the issue of the spread of medieval roller ceramics in Yenisei Siberia. Vremya i kul'tura v arkheologo-etnograficheskikh issledovaniyakh drevnikh i sovremennykh obshchestv Zapadnoi Sibiri i sopredel'nykh territorii: problemy interpretatsii i rekonstruktsii : materialy XIV Zapadno-Sibirskoi arkheologo-etnograficheskoi konferentsii = Time and Culture in archaeological and ethnographic studies of ancient and modern societies of Western Siberia and adjacent territories: problems of interpretation and reconstruction : materials of the XIV West Siberian Archaeological and Ethnographic Conference. Tomsk: Agraf-Press. P. 210-214. (In Russ.).

17. Fokin S.M., Makarov N.P., Simpson S.Dzh., Kartrait K.R. (2021) Radiocarbon dating of an early medieval fortified settlement Chermyanskoe. Mezhdistsiplinarnye arkheologicheskie issledovaniya drevnikh kul'tur Eniseiskoi Sibiri i sopredel'nykh territorii : materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, Krasnoyarsk, 20–21 oktyabrya 2020 goda = Interdisciplinary archaeological research of the ancient cultures of the Yenisei Siberia and adjacent territories Abstracts of the International Conference Krasnoyarsk, October 20–22 2020. Krasnoyarsk: Siberian Federal University. P. 64-67. (In Russ.). EDN: PJKKUO.

18. Everstov S.I. (1988) Fishing in Siberia. Stone Age. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 144 p. (In Russ).

19. Weber A.W., Schulting R.J., Ramsey C.B., Bazaliiskii V.I., Goriunova O.I., Berdnikova N.E. (2016) Chronology of middle Holocene hunter-gatherers in the Cis-Baikal region of Siberia : Corrections based on examination of the freshwater reservoir effect. Quaternary International. Vol. 419. P. 74-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.003.