Theoretical load of a historical fact

The article deals with the changes of the cognitive orientations in the modern information society and rethinking of the processes of historical cognition. The approaches to the methodology of historical knowledge are analyzed on the basis of specific historical and philosophical material. Attention is focused on the discussion - whether history is a science. Approaching from the standpoint of the analysis of history as a science we dwell on the historical fact or rather on its theoretical loading. Taking as a basis the idea of post-positivists about the theoretical loading of the fact the interpretation of historical fact in the historical and philosophical context is traced. And if in modern scientific literature the theoretical loading of the fact is mainly considered on the example of natural Sciences, the article attempts to analyze the historical fact. There are conflicting interpretations of the same historical event in the age of information technology and the global Internet, and the responsibility of the authors is blurred. It is noted that the peculiarity of the historical fact is that in the formation it is a subject to the influence of methodological, value, ideological preferences of the researcher. The dialectics of the knowledge of historical fact is such that, on the one hand, it is impossible to observe it directly, but, on the other hand, the subjectivity of the author of the source which is then further enhanced by the subjectivity of the author of the study prevents the accurate knowledge of the real event of the past. The researcher’s belonging to the society and his worldview are the necessary conditions for the knowledge of the past in terms of modernity. All this strengthens the subjective moment from which it is almost impossible to be eliminated. And here we are talking about the chronotope of the historian – this time, the modern historian and the time of the historical event that he explore.

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