Antiquities of Lake Khubsugul (Mongolia): based on materials from exploring by B.E. Petri in 1923. To the 140th anniversary of the birth of the founder of the Irkutsk School of Archaeology

In 2024 marks the 140th birthday of the founder of the Irkutsk School of Archaeology, professor of the Irkutsk University B.E. Petri. In 1923-1924 he made several scientific expeditions to the Northern Mongolia. In search of sites of Neolithic man, similar to Ulan-Khada on Baikal, in 1923 he had surveyed the eastern shore of Lake Kosogol (Khubsugul). The results of this expedition were briefly described by B.E. Petri in a small work «Ancient Lake Kosogol (Mongolia)» in 1926. On the basis of modern maps, the exploration routes of this expedition and the locations of 9 out of 10 pick-up points have been established. The finds collected by B.E. Petri, presented mainly fragments of ceramic vessels and objects made of stone, are now stored in the funds of the Irkutsk Regional Museum of Local History named after N.N. Muraviev-Amursky, making up a total of 5 collections (759, 760, 763, 764, 766) from 8 locations (Alaksyr, Dalbai, Anchikatan, Morin-Toskul, Noyn-Gol, Shoshul, Tana and Khanga). Among the fragments of ceramics, groups with mesh, cord, ribbed, waffle and smooth surfaces stand out. The ornament is represented by molded ridges, “pearls”, impressions of receding ornaments and drawn lines. The stone collection includes: flakes and blades with retouching and without traces of further processing, ski-shaped spalls, wedge-shaped and prismatic cores, tools (arrowheads, end-scrapers, side-scrapers, burins and combined tools). Based on the comparative and typological analysis of archaeological material, it was found that almost the entire collection from the eastern shore of Lake Khubsugul, collected by B.E. Petri in 1923, finds direct analogies in the materials of the sites and the burial grounds on Lake Baikal and dates back to the end of 7-yearof the summer millennium BC - the middle of the 1st thousand.

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