ildtistuИзвестия Лаборатории древних технологийReports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies2415-87392500-1566ИРНИТУ10.21285/2415-8739-2021-2-51-71ildtistu-26Research ArticleАРХЕОЛОГИЯARCHAEOLOGYДетские захоронения погребально-поминального комплекса Хужур 4 (Приольхонье)Child burials at the funeral and memorial site Khuzhur 4 (Olkhon region)ХаринскийАртур ВикторовичKharinskiiArtur V.kharinsky@mail.ruКонюшкинаМария ГеннадьевнаKonushkinaMaria G.konyushkina.maria@mail.ruОргилбаярСамданцоодолOrgilbayarSamdantsoodolorgiob@gmail.comИркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет; Иркутский государственный университетРоссияIrkutsk National Research Technical University; Irkutsk State UniversityRussian FederationИркутский национальный исследовательский технический университетРоссияIrkutsk National Research Technical UniversityRussian FederationУлан-Баторский государственный университетРоссияUlaanbaatar State UniversityRussian Federation2021300820231725171Copyright © Харинский А.В., Конюшкина М.Г., Оргилбаяр С., 20232023Харинский А.В., Конюшкина М.Г., Оргилбаяр С.Kharinskii A.V., Konushkina M.G., Orgilbayar S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ildtistu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/26

В 2013 г. в Приольхонье, на юго-западном берегу пролива Малое Море озера Байкал, в ходе спасательных археологических работ было раскопано несколько искусственных конструкций из камня, расположенных в северной части погребально-поминального комплекса Хужур 4. Среди исследованных конструкций большинство составляли объекты, датировавшиеся XIX в. Они включали 4 детских погребения и 8 поминальных сооружений. Для захоронения использовались конструкции двух типов - наземные в виде четырехугольных каменных ящиков, пристроенные к скальному выходу с юго-восточной стороны (хагунский тип) (комплекс № 3), и грунтовые, перекрытые сверху круглой или овальной каменной кладкой (куркутский тип) (комплексы № 5, 13 и 15). В комплексах № 13 и 15 отмечены фрагменты деревянных жердей, перекрывавших яму. Погребенные располагались вытянуто на спине головой на северо-восток. Сопроводительный инвентарь обнаружен только в погребении девочки 7-8 лет (комплекс № 3). Он включал бусины, бисер, перстень-печатку и цепь. В остальных захоронениях вещи отсутствовали. Детский могильник был сооружен жителями Хужур-Ногуйского улуса, принадлежавшими к эхиритскому роду шоно. Как и представители других бурятских родов, они хоронили своих покойников к северу от поселения, на склоне возвышенности, ориентируя умерших головой на север - северо-восток, по направлению к «стране мертвых». Наличие отдельного могильника для детей, а также отсутствие в большинстве захоронений сопроводительного инвентаря свидетельствовали об их особом положении в обществе, что нашло отражение и в погребальном ритуале.

During the 2013 archaeological excavations in the Olkhon region, on the southwestern shore of the Maloye More Strait in Lake Baikal, several artificial stone structures were discovered. They were located in the northern part of the funeral site Khuzhur 4 funeraral site. Most of them (four child burials and eight memorial structures) date back to the 19th century. Two types of structures were found: the ground-based type was in the form of quadrangular stone boxes attached to the rock outcrop in the southeast (Khagun type) (complex 3), and the ground one covered with a round or oval construction (Kurkut type) (complexes 5, 13 and 15). At complexes 13 and 15, there were fragments of wooden poles covering the pit. The buried were placed on their backs with their heads towards the north-east. Accompanying items were found only in the burial of a 7-8-year-old girl (complex 3). Beads, one ring and one chain were found in her grave. In other burials, there were no items. The child burial ground was built by Khuzhur-Nogui inhabitants, who belonged to the Shono Ekhirit family. Like representatives of other Buryat clans, they buried their dead to the north of their settlements, on hillsides, orienting their heads to the north - northeast, towards the “land of the dead”. Separate child burials and no accompanying items in most of them indicate a special role of children in society.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.